The Transparent Language Popularity Index

The tool

The Language Popularity Index tool is a fully automatic, transparent, open-source and free tool to measure the popularity of programming languages on the Internet.

The measurement of programming language popularity suffers two common problems that are probably the same for most market studies:

1. The study depends on arbitrary choices on what to measure: blogs, book sales, wikis, open-source projects, jobs or videos ? Or which mix of all that ?
2. The study may depend on cumbersome semi-manual methods with their own problems:
   • if the method is too complex, nobody will try to verify the results
   • mistakes may remain undetected
   • when a mistake becomes evident, one may either correct it but must admit and explain that the results were wrong for a long time, or postpone or smooth the correction.

The first problem has no real solution since it is a question of definition. However, a fully parametrizable measurement tool may help discussing the various aspects of that definition.
We have a solution to the second problem: the tool behind the Language Popularity Index is fully automatic.
Moreover, you can easily verify the results:

• all results, including intermediary ones, are published
• a detailed results grid let you verify individual queries just by clicking the results
• you can download and build the automatic tool and run it yourself.

Download

Download the Language Popularity Index tool from the SourceForge project page.

NB: you may also need to check the Subversion revisions to get the latest source changes and search engine configurations.

Notes on recent queries

• June 2013: Yahoo! doesn't display number of search results anymore - so it will eventually disappear completely from the index in a later edition...
• More in the history: "Changes" sheet in the search.xls file, or in the Subversion log (link above).

The results

1. The main result is the following ranking, updated from time to time on this page (but regularily in the maintainer's database):

   
   Language Popularity Index - Web queries done on: 2013/06/01 23:25
   
   

   Language category: any  *) 123 entries. Rank Name Share Last month's share Last year's share 1 C 15.868% 16.269% 18.585% 2 Java 15.450% 19.965% 19.697% 3 Objective-C 8.516% 8.862% 9.449% 4 C++ 7.544% 6.911% 6.946% 5 Basic 5.955% 6.376% 6.519% 6 PHP 4.144% 4.406% 5.133% 7 C# 3.444% 3.619% 4.143% 8 Python 3.363% 3.406% 3.587% 9 Perl 2.455% 3.022% 2.355% 10 Ruby 1.392% 1.447% 1.601% 11 Pascal 1.324% 1.373% 1.132% 12 JavaScript 1.310% 1.217% 1.573% 13 Ada 1.221% 1.147% 0.929% 14 R 1.136% 1.125% 1.212% 15 Logo 0.851% 0.819% 0.645% 16 Bourne shell 0.817% 0.882% 0.669% 17 Fortran 0.813% 0.680% 0.615% 18 Lisp/Scheme 0.806% 0.711% 0.548% 19 Forth 0.794% 0.780% 0.308% 20 COBOL 0.793% 0.831% 0.542% 21 MATLAB 0.779% 0.777% 0.601% 22 Erlang 0.682% 0.632% 0.278% 23 Prolog 0.645% 0.614% 0.379% 24 Delphi 0.627% 0.584% 0.987% 25 D 0.595% 0.593% 1.169% 26 Go 0.564% 0.532% 0.969% 27 PL/SQL 0.555% 0.519% 0.378% 28 SAS 0.531% 0.558% 0.421% 29 APL 0.531% 0.523% 0.361% 30 Haskell 0.515% 0.459% 0.400% 31 Clipper 0.486% 0.393% 0.065% 32 LabView 0.443% 0.453% 0.137% 33 NXT-G 0.441% 0.398% 0.281% 34 ABAP 0.433% 0.358% 0.222% 35 Lua 0.424% 0.433% 0.544% 36 Scala 0.372% 0.355% 0.235% 37 Smalltalk 0.355% 0.351% 0.352% 38 Scratch 0.348% 0.323% 0.323% 39 ABC 0.317% 0.319% 0.309% 40 JavaFX Script 0.297% 0.265% 0.005% 41 Dart 0.286% 0.244% 0.093% 42 J 0.283% 0.273% 0.203% 43 Oberon 0.273% 0.211% 0.107% 44 ML 0.266% 0.263% 0.310% 45 Oz 0.225% 0.212% 0.085% 46 Eiffel 0.224% 0.217% 0.207% 47 ActionScript 0.223% 0.197% 0.125% 48 Awk 0.179% 0.180% 0.297% 49 YACC 0.175% 0.134% 0.008% 50 Focus 0.164% 0.157% 0.198% 51 Groovy 0.152% 0.123% 0.115% 52 IDL 0.142% 0.183% 0.104% 53 RPG (OS/400) 0.141% 0.145% 0.267% 54 PL/I 0.141% 0.143% 0.164% 55 Transact-SQL 0.137% 0.123% 0.059% 56 Icon 0.137% 0.142% 0.131% 57 VBScript 0.137% 0.141% 0.181% 58 MUMPS 0.119% 0.117% 0.117% 59 VHDL 0.118% 0.104% 0.085% 60 SIGNAL 0.115% 0.085% 0.057% 61 LabWindows/CVI 0.112% 0.096% 0.007% 62 ColdFusion 0.110% 0.102% 0.088% 63 Clojure 0.109% 0.108% 0.124% 64 PowerBuilder 0.107% 0.103% 0.038% 65 Caml/F# 0.099% 0.092% 0.070% 66 Falcon 0.094% 0.082% 0.037% 67 Verilog 0.093% 0.076% 0.029% 68 Rust 0.092% 0.074% 0.016% 69 X10 0.091% 0.083% 0.084% 70 Occam 0.089% 0.088% 0.102% 71 Dylan 0.084% 0.084% 0.102% 72 Factor 0.084% 0.075% 0.074% 73 OpenEdge ABL 0.083% 0.078% 0.001% 74 MAX/MSP 0.078% 0.068% 0.039% 75 Modula-2 0.074% 0.075% 0.084% 76 REXX 0.070% 0.135% 0.080% 77 Ocaml 0.068% 0.067% 0.078% 78 Lingo 0.066% 0.070% 0.051% 79 Q 0.066% 0.065% 0.089% 80 PowerShell 0.064% 0.640% 0.100% 81 XSLT 0.062% 0.010% 0.018% 82 FoxPro/xBase 0.061% 0.001% 0.005% 83 Limbo 0.054% 0.051% 0.051% 84 Tcl/Tk 0.054% 0.055% 0.050% 85 Boo 0.052% 0.046% 0.055% 86 io 0.051% 0.055% 0.062% 87 PostScript 0.050% 0.051% 0.071% 88 Alice 0.050% 0.056% 0.171% 89 S-lang 0.050% 0.050% 0.058% 90 Mathematica 0.045% 0.043% 0.040% 91 CL (OS/400) 0.044% 0.044% 0.045% 92 Natural 0.042% 0.039% 0.037% 93 Racket 0.040% 0.039% -- 94 Vala 0.040% 0.039% 0.037% 95 Cg (Nvidia) 0.038% 0.037% 0.075% 96 Parasail 0.037% 0.030% -- 97 Euphoria 0.032% 0.032% 0.038% 98 SuperCollider 0.032% 0.029% 0.067% 99 Modula-3 0.031% 0.029% 0.033% 100 Maple 0.026% 0.022% 0.026% 101 Metafont 0.026% 0.012% 0.001% 102 SISAL 0.025% 0.015% 0.012% 103 AppleScript 0.023% 0.025% 0.035% 104 MAD 0.022% 0.022% 0.025% 105 Progress 0.022% 0.025% 0.026% 106 Fantom 0.019% 0.019% 0.038% 107 Coffeescript 0.018% 0.018% 0.013% 108 Cyclone 0.018% 0.018% -- 109 BlitzMax 0.017% 0.017% 0.017% 110 Gambas 0.015% 0.015% -- 111 Genie 0.014% 0.016% 0.020% 112 Rebol 0.014% 0.015% 0.018% 113 Avenue 0.014% 0.013% -- 114 Nemerle 0.014% 0.014% 0.001% 115 XQuery 0.012% 0.012% 0.008% 116 Scriptol 0.009% 0.013% 0.007% 117 ATS 0.008% 0.008% -- 118 Csound 0.007% 0.006% 0.008% 119 NetRexx 0.007% 0.006% 0.007% 120 Scilab 0.004% 0.004% 0.005% 121 TeX / LaTeX 0.003% 0.003% 0.006% 122 Harbour 0.002% 0.002% 0.002% 123 Informix/4GL 0.001% 0.002% 0.006%

   Language category: general-purpose  *) 48 entries. Rank Name Share 1 C 23.586% 2 Java 22.964% 3 Objective-C 12.658% 4 C++ 11.214% 5 Basic 8.851% 6 C# 5.120% 7 Pascal 1.967% 8 Ada 1.815% 9 Fortran 1.209% 10 Forth 1.180% 11 Erlang 1.013% 12 Delphi 0.932% 13 D 0.884% 14 Go 0.838% 15 Haskell 0.765% 16 Clipper 0.723% 17 Scala 0.553% 18 Smalltalk 0.528% 19 Oberon 0.406% 20 ML 0.396% 21 Eiffel 0.332% 22 PL/I 0.209% 23 Icon 0.204% 24 Caml/F# 0.147% 25 Rust 0.137% 26 X10 0.135% 27 Occam 0.133% 28 Dylan 0.124% 29 Factor 0.124% 30 Modula-2 0.110% 31 Ocaml 0.101% 32 Limbo 0.080% 33 Boo 0.077% 34 Vala 0.059% 35 Parasail 0.055% 36 Euphoria 0.048% 37 SuperCollider 0.047% 38 Modula-3 0.046% 39 SISAL 0.037% 40 MAD 0.033% 41 Fantom 0.028% 42 Cyclone 0.027% 43 BlitzMax 0.026% 44 Gambas 0.023% 45 Genie 0.021% 46 Nemerle 0.020% 47 ATS 0.011% 48 Harbour 0.004%

   Language category: script  *) 49 entries. Rank Name Share 1 PHP 19.309% 2 Python 15.670% 3 Perl 11.438% 4 Ruby 6.486% 5 JavaScript 6.106% 6 R 5.294% 7 Bourne shell 3.805% 8 Lisp/Scheme 3.755% 9 MATLAB 3.628% 10 APL 2.473% 11 NXT-G 2.053% 12 Lua 1.974% 13 Scratch 1.620% 14 ABC 1.478% 15 JavaFX Script 1.383% 16 Dart 1.335% 17 J 1.318% 18 Oz 1.046% 19 ActionScript 1.037% 20 Awk 0.836% 21 Groovy 0.707% 22 IDL 0.662% 23 VBScript 0.638% 24 ColdFusion 0.512% 25 Clojure 0.506% 26 PowerBuilder 0.499% 27 Falcon 0.439% 28 MAX/MSP 0.363% 29 REXX 0.327% 30 Lingo 0.307% 31 Q 0.305% 32 PowerShell 0.297% 33 Tcl/Tk 0.250% 34 io 0.236% 35 PostScript 0.232% 36 Alice 0.232% 37 S-lang 0.231% 38 Mathematica 0.211% 39 CL (OS/400) 0.204% 40 Racket 0.187% 41 Maple 0.123% 42 Metafont 0.121% 43 AppleScript 0.108% 44 Coffeescript 0.086% 45 Rebol 0.065% 46 Scriptol 0.040% 47 NetRexx 0.032% 48 Scilab 0.017% 49 TeX / LaTeX 0.014%

   Language category: other  *) 26 entries. Rank Name Share 1 Logo 14.759% 2 COBOL 13.741% 3 Prolog 11.191% 4 PL/SQL 9.614% 5 SAS 9.210% 6 LabView 7.678% 7 ABAP 7.500% 8 YACC 3.027% 9 Focus 2.852% 10 RPG (OS/400) 2.448% 11 Transact-SQL 2.378% 12 MUMPS 2.058% 13 VHDL 2.049% 14 SIGNAL 2.001% 15 LabWindows/CVI 1.947% 16 Verilog 1.613% 17 OpenEdge ABL 1.439% 18 XSLT 1.075% 19 FoxPro/xBase 1.056% 20 Natural 0.732% 21 Cg (Nvidia) 0.659% 22 Progress 0.384% 23 Avenue 0.237% 24 XQuery 0.203% 25 Csound 0.126% 26 Informix/4GL 0.025%

   
   
   

2. But wait: since we are transparent, we also provide all necessary data to reproduce the above results in the following table. Note that you can click on each count of the cells (language, engine) to see yourself the results. Depending on your location, browser, language settings, cookies, etc. the engine may return a slightly different search count +/- a few percents. Note also that the time lag between now and the time at which the grid has been obtained (displayed on the top) is crucial: the search engine data are very dynamic, especially, of course, those with a one-year filtering.

   
   Language Popularity Index - Web queries done on: 2013/06/01 23:25
   
   

   		Search engine →	Google	Yahoo!	Bing	Google Blogs	Amazon	YouTube	Wikipedia		Google	Yahoo!	Bing	Google Blogs	Amazon	YouTube	Wikipedia	Average engine
   			1-year filter	1-year filter	1-year filter	1-year filter	no filter	no filter	no filter	Weight → Normalized →	23 25.275%	5 5.495%	3 3.297%	23 25.275%	7 7.692%	7 7.692%	23 25.275%
   Language display name	Name in query	Category's short name ↓	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Results	Confidence ↓	Share	Share	Share	Share	Share	Share	Share	Share
   ABAP	ABAP	other	14 800	0	1 050	14 600	54	237	6	100%	0.420%	0.000%	0.080%	0.404%	0.357%	2.106%	0.127%	0.433%
   ABC	ABC	script	20 100	0	4 090	3 100	9	63	216	23%	0.131%	0.000%	0.072%	0.020%	0.014%	0.129%	1.052%	0.317%
   ActionScript	ActionScript	script	2 690	0	4 740	1 760	38	171	8	100%	0.076%	0.000%	0.361%	0.049%	0.251%	1.519%	0.169%	0.223%
   Ada	Ada	general-purpose	4 680	0	16 100	4 940	242	602	108	100%	0.133%	0.000%	1.227%	0.137%	1.601%	5.349%	2.286%	1.221%
   Alice	Alice	script	2 200	0	556	2 280	9	2	2	100%	0.062%	0.000%	0.042%	0.063%	0.060%	0.018%	0.042%	0.050%
   APL	APL	script	652	0	447	1 020	15	308	56	100%	0.019%	0.000%	0.034%	0.028%	0.099%	2.737%	1.185%	0.531%
   AppleScript	AppleScript	script	165	0	177	10	4	5	3	100%	0.005%	0.000%	0.013%	0.000%	0.026%	0.044%	0.063%	0.023%
   ATS	ATS	general-purpose	181	0	79	4	0	1	1	100%	0.005%	0.000%	0.006%	0.000%	0.000%	0.009%	0.021%	0.008%
   Avenue	Avenue	other	77	0	125	5	2	10	3	55%	0.001%	0.000%	0.005%	0.000%	0.007%	0.049%	0.035%	0.014%
   Awk	Awk	script	2 860	0	7 880	2 590	26	1	20	100%	0.081%	0.000%	0.601%	0.072%	0.172%	0.009%	0.423%	0.179%
   Basic	Basic	general-purpose	200 000	0	250 000	91 800	2 882	20	365	97%	5.509%	0.000%	18.487%	2.465%	18.497%	0.172%	7.494%	5.955%
   BlitzMax	BlitzMax	general-purpose	251	0	115	4	1	6	2	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.007%	0.053%	0.042%	0.017%
   Boo	Boo	general-purpose	404	0	119	5	1	16	7	100%	0.011%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.007%	0.142%	0.148%	0.052%
   Bourne shell	Bash	script	3 180	0	13 200	104 000	6	44	0	100%	0.090%	0.000%	1.006%	2.878%	0.040%	0.391%	0.000%	0.817%
   C	C	general-purpose	863 000	0	302 000	556 000	4 001	68	1 033	86%	21.076%	0.000%	19.799%	13.234%	22.767%	0.520%	18.804%	15.868%
   C#	C%23	general-purpose	149 000	0	23 500	241 000	436	10	75	100%	4.231%	0.000%	1.791%	6.670%	2.885%	0.089%	1.587%	3.444%
   C++	C%2B%2B	general-purpose	586 000	0	13 900	375 000	1 213	36	256	85%	14.145%	0.000%	0.901%	8.822%	6.822%	0.272%	4.606%	7.544%
   Cg (Nvidia)	Cg	other	650	0	396	377	7	13	5	80%	0.015%	0.000%	0.024%	0.008%	0.037%	0.092%	0.085%	0.038%
   Caml/F#	F%20sharp	general-purpose	243	0	134	9 820	1	1	5	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.010%	0.272%	0.007%	0.009%	0.106%	0.099%
   CL (OS/400)	CL	script	2 620	0	593	635	23	3	1	100%	0.074%	0.000%	0.045%	0.018%	0.152%	0.027%	0.021%	0.044%
   Clipper	Clipper	general-purpose	293	0	322	9	13	627	9	100%	0.008%	0.000%	0.025%	0.000%	0.086%	5.571%	0.190%	0.486%
   Clojure	Clojure	script	2 780	0	1 020	3 180	6	42	6	100%	0.079%	0.000%	0.078%	0.088%	0.040%	0.373%	0.127%	0.109%
   COBOL	COBOL	other	21 000	0	16 800	11 900	399	247	27	100%	0.596%	0.000%	1.281%	0.329%	2.640%	2.195%	0.571%	0.793%
   ColdFusion	ColdFusion	script	1 580	0	391	965	7	73	7	100%	0.045%	0.000%	0.030%	0.027%	0.046%	0.649%	0.148%	0.110%
   Coffeescript	Coffeescript	script	897	0	255	301	5	2	1	100%	0.025%	0.000%	0.019%	0.008%	0.033%	0.018%	0.021%	0.018%
   Csound	Csound	other	56	0	50	3	0	2	1	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.004%	0.000%	0.000%	0.018%	0.021%	0.007%
   Cyclone	Cyclone	general-purpose	53	0	66	2	0	2	3	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.005%	0.000%	0.000%	0.018%	0.063%	0.018%
   D	D	general-purpose	20 000	0	1 350	19 800	31	16	86	77%	0.437%	0.000%	0.079%	0.422%	0.158%	0.109%	1.402%	0.595%
   Dart	Dart	script	1 640	0	354	3 170	1	297	9	100%	0.047%	0.000%	0.027%	0.088%	0.007%	2.639%	0.190%	0.286%
   Delphi	Delphi	general-purpose	49 600	0	1 750	12 600	150	1	19	100%	1.408%	0.000%	0.133%	0.349%	0.993%	0.009%	0.402%	0.627%
   Dylan	Dylan	general-purpose	240	0	152	5	1	1	15	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.012%	0.000%	0.007%	0.009%	0.317%	0.084%
   Eiffel	Eiffel	general-purpose	825	0	427	1 670	5	77	28	100%	0.023%	0.000%	0.033%	0.046%	0.033%	0.684%	0.593%	0.224%
   Erlang	Erlang	general-purpose	5 140	0	560	3 160	16	623	35	100%	0.146%	0.000%	0.043%	0.087%	0.106%	5.535%	0.741%	0.682%
   Euphoria	Euphoria	general-purpose	560	0	280	4	0	9	4	100%	0.016%	0.000%	0.021%	0.000%	0.000%	0.080%	0.085%	0.032%
   Factor	Factor	general-purpose	531	0	246	359	8	67	5	100%	0.015%	0.000%	0.019%	0.010%	0.053%	0.595%	0.106%	0.084%
   Falcon	Falcon	script	218	0	174	7	0	88	6	100%	0.006%	0.000%	0.013%	0.000%	0.000%	0.782%	0.127%	0.094%
   Fantom	Fantom	general-purpose	242	0	76	2	0	1	3	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.006%	0.000%	0.000%	0.009%	0.063%	0.019%
   Focus	Focus	other	734	0	333	526	17	18	25	100%	0.021%	0.000%	0.025%	0.015%	0.112%	0.160%	0.529%	0.164%
   Forth	Forth	general-purpose	1 680	0	390	1 680	20	758	45	100%	0.048%	0.000%	0.030%	0.046%	0.132%	6.735%	0.952%	0.794%
   Fortran	Fortran	general-purpose	5 280	0	14 600	4 100	380	349	52	100%	0.150%	0.000%	1.113%	0.113%	2.514%	3.101%	1.101%	0.813%
   FoxPro/xBase	Fox%20Pro	other	71	0	88	4	0	88	0	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.007%	0.000%	0.000%	0.782%	0.000%	0.061%
   Gambas	gambas	general-purpose	138	0	87	2	1	4	2	100%	0.004%	0.000%	0.007%	0.000%	0.007%	0.036%	0.042%	0.015%
   Genie	Genie	general-purpose	73	0	115	8	4	1	2	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.026%	0.009%	0.042%	0.014%
   Go	Go	general-purpose	21 900	0	590	21 000	19	4	46	100%	0.622%	0.000%	0.045%	0.581%	0.126%	0.036%	0.974%	0.564%
   Groovy	Groovy	script	2 380	0	657	1 920	6	61	14	100%	0.068%	0.000%	0.050%	0.053%	0.040%	0.542%	0.296%	0.152%
   Harbour	Harbour	general-purpose	34	0	25	1	0	3	0	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.002%	0.000%	0.000%	0.027%	0.000%	0.002%
   Haskell	Haskell	general-purpose	3 860	0	9 360	1 660	20	122	67	100%	0.110%	0.000%	0.714%	0.046%	0.132%	1.084%	1.418%	0.515%
   Icon	Icon	general-purpose	1 160	0	449	420	17	60	14	100%	0.033%	0.000%	0.034%	0.012%	0.112%	0.533%	0.296%	0.137%
   Informix/4GL	Informix%2F4GL	other	34	0	62	1	2	0	0	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.005%	0.000%	0.013%	0.000%	0.000%	0.001%
   IDL	IDL	script	2 400	0	638	8 680	11	5	10	100%	0.068%	0.000%	0.049%	0.240%	0.073%	0.044%	0.212%	0.142%
   io	io	script	578	0	338	804	2	18	5	100%	0.016%	0.000%	0.026%	0.022%	0.013%	0.160%	0.106%	0.051%
   J	J	script	1 680	0	11 200	655	19	162	22	100%	0.048%	0.000%	0.854%	0.018%	0.126%	1.439%	0.466%	0.283%
   Java	Java	general-purpose	910 000	0	307 000	461 000	2 470	63	677	100%	25.841%	0.000%	23.404%	12.759%	16.343%	0.560%	14.330%	15.450%
   JavaFX Script	JavaFX%20Script	script	168	0	124	1	0	432	0	100%	0.005%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.000%	3.838%	0.000%	0.297%
   JavaScript	JavaScript	script	56 400	0	65 200	37 200	429	25	46	100%	1.602%	0.000%	4.970%	1.030%	2.839%	0.222%	0.974%	1.310%
   LabView	LabView	other	5 310	0	16 100	1 720	24	474	3	100%	0.151%	0.000%	1.227%	0.048%	0.159%	4.212%	0.063%	0.443%
   LabWindows/CVI	CVI	other	260	0	206	3	1	160	0	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.016%	0.000%	0.007%	1.422%	0.000%	0.112%
   Limbo	Limbo	general-purpose	121	0	99	5	1	6	9	100%	0.003%	0.000%	0.008%	0.000%	0.007%	0.053%	0.190%	0.054%
   Lingo	Lingo	script	309	0	349	313	5	30	7	100%	0.009%	0.000%	0.027%	0.009%	0.033%	0.267%	0.148%	0.066%
   Lisp/Scheme	Scheme	script	4 490	0	11 400	3 830	30	418	78	100%	0.128%	0.000%	0.869%	0.106%	0.199%	3.714%	1.651%	0.806%
   Logo	Logo	other	4 970	0	25 900	4 000	106	532	57	100%	0.141%	0.000%	1.974%	0.111%	0.701%	4.727%	1.206%	0.851%
   Lua	Lua	script	8 800	0	22 900	4 760	24	1	48	100%	0.250%	0.000%	1.746%	0.132%	0.159%	0.009%	1.016%	0.424%
   MAD	MAD	general-purpose	345	0	301	425	0	9	7	45%	0.004%	0.000%	0.010%	0.005%	0.000%	0.036%	0.067%	0.022%
   Maple	Maple	script	490	0	362	280	14	11	1	100%	0.014%	0.000%	0.028%	0.008%	0.093%	0.098%	0.021%	0.026%
   Mathematica	Mathematica	script	1 030	0	595	500	19	26	1	100%	0.029%	0.000%	0.045%	0.014%	0.126%	0.231%	0.021%	0.045%
   MATLAB	MATLAB	script	35 200	0	35 000	19 200	136	257	11	100%	1.000%	0.000%	2.668%	0.531%	0.900%	2.283%	0.233%	0.779%
   MAX/MSP	MAX%2FMSP	script	346	0	193	272	2	82	3	100%	0.010%	0.000%	0.015%	0.008%	0.013%	0.729%	0.063%	0.078%
   Metafont	Metafont	script	4	0	10	1	0	38	0	100%	0.000%	0.000%	0.001%	0.000%	0.000%	0.338%	0.000%	0.026%
   ML	ML	general-purpose	1 230	0	538	381	21	3	45	100%	0.035%	0.000%	0.041%	0.011%	0.139%	0.027%	0.952%	0.266%
   Modula-2	Modula%2D2	general-purpose	89	0	128	3	60	0	8	100%	0.003%	0.000%	0.010%	0.000%	0.397%	0.000%	0.169%	0.074%
   Modula-3	Modula%2D3	general-purpose	7	0	33	0	2	4	5	100%	0.000%	0.000%	0.003%	0.000%	0.013%	0.036%	0.106%	0.031%
   MUMPS	MUMPS	other	412	0	339	837	10	19	17	100%	0.012%	0.000%	0.026%	0.023%	0.066%	0.169%	0.360%	0.119%
   Natural	Natural	other	1 100	0	4 940	1 020	8	52	5	45%	0.014%	0.000%	0.169%	0.013%	0.024%	0.208%	0.048%	0.042%
   Nemerle	Nemerle	general-purpose	60	0	36	3	0	19	0	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.003%	0.000%	0.000%	0.169%	0.000%	0.014%
   NXT-G	NXT%2DG	script	2 750	0	8 600	15 400	36	384	2	100%	0.078%	0.000%	0.656%	0.426%	0.238%	3.412%	0.042%	0.441%
   Oberon	Oberon	general-purpose	102	0	113	4	3	247	19	100%	0.003%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.020%	2.195%	0.402%	0.273%
   Objective-C	Objective%2DC	general-purpose	21 600	0	2 660	1 170 000	127	5	19	100%	0.613%	0.000%	0.203%	32.382%	0.840%	0.044%	0.402%	8.516%
   Ocaml	Ocaml	general-purpose	618	0	269	140	2	3	11	100%	0.018%	0.000%	0.021%	0.004%	0.013%	0.027%	0.233%	0.068%
   Occam	Occam	general-purpose	354	0	180	1	9	2	15	100%	0.010%	0.000%	0.014%	0.000%	0.060%	0.018%	0.317%	0.089%
   OpenEdge ABL	OpenEdge	other	28	0	40	0	0	121	0	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.003%	0.000%	0.000%	1.075%	0.000%	0.083%
   Oz	Oz	script	766	0	253	198	6	227	11	100%	0.022%	0.000%	0.019%	0.005%	0.040%	2.017%	0.233%	0.225%
   Parasail	Parasail	general-purpose	53	0	18	2	0	38	2	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.001%	0.000%	0.000%	0.338%	0.042%	0.037%
   Pascal	Pascal	general-purpose	11 400	0	24 500	7 790	618	412	99	100%	0.324%	0.000%	1.868%	0.216%	4.089%	3.661%	2.095%	1.324%
   Perl	Perl	script	149 000	0	1 780	49 100	155	1	179	100%	4.231%	0.000%	0.136%	1.359%	1.026%	0.009%	3.789%	2.455%
   PHP	PHP	script	192 000	0	1 770	260 000	210	72	147	100%	5.452%	0.000%	0.135%	7.196%	1.390%	0.640%	3.111%	4.144%
   PL/I	PL%2FI	general-purpose	317	0	358	10	28	0	23	100%	0.009%	0.000%	0.027%	0.000%	0.185%	0.000%	0.487%	0.141%
   PL/SQL	PL%2FSQL	other	33 200	0	23 300	23 900	108	5	6	100%	0.943%	0.000%	1.776%	0.661%	0.715%	0.044%	0.127%	0.555%
   PostScript	PostScript	script	453	0	320	508	8	1	7	100%	0.013%	0.000%	0.024%	0.014%	0.053%	0.009%	0.148%	0.050%
   PowerBuilder	PowerBuilder	script	296	0	244	227	42	119	0	100%	0.008%	0.000%	0.019%	0.006%	0.278%	1.057%	0.000%	0.107%
   PowerShell	PowerShell	script	2 570	0	6 160	2 900	7	1	1	100%	0.073%	0.000%	0.470%	0.080%	0.046%	0.009%	0.021%	0.064%
   Progress	Progress	other	585	0	498	8	2	15	1	100%	0.017%	0.000%	0.038%	0.000%	0.013%	0.133%	0.021%	0.022%
   Prolog	Prolog	other	7 360	0	13 900	7 080	141	388	32	100%	0.209%	0.000%	1.060%	0.196%	0.933%	3.447%	0.677%	0.645%
   Python	Python	script	152 000	0	4 620	81 100	257	39	287	100%	4.316%	0.000%	0.352%	2.245%	1.700%	0.347%	6.075%	3.363%
   NetRexx	NetRexx	script	18	0	24	0	0	2	1	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.002%	0.000%	0.000%	0.018%	0.021%	0.007%
   RPG (OS/400)	RPG	other	5 620	0	222	5 500	41	78	9	70%	0.112%	0.000%	0.012%	0.107%	0.190%	0.485%	0.133%	0.141%
   Q	Q	script	1 200	0	631	516	3	3	9	100%	0.034%	0.000%	0.048%	0.014%	0.020%	0.027%	0.190%	0.066%
   R	R	script	39 600	0	2 850	21 900	71	4	122	100%	1.125%	0.000%	0.217%	0.606%	0.470%	0.036%	2.582%	1.136%
   Racket	Racket	script	296	0	114	10	0	8	6	100%	0.008%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.000%	0.071%	0.127%	0.040%
   Rebol	Rebol	script	134	0	108	6	1	2	2	100%	0.004%	0.000%	0.008%	0.000%	0.007%	0.018%	0.042%	0.014%
   REXX	REXX	script	607	0	493	10	7	11	10	100%	0.017%	0.000%	0.038%	0.000%	0.046%	0.098%	0.212%	0.070%
   Ruby	Ruby	script	39 900	0	1 800	32 800	78	4	155	100%	1.133%	0.000%	0.137%	0.908%	0.516%	0.036%	3.281%	1.392%
   Rust	Rust	general-purpose	1 880	0	363	424	0	55	7	100%	0.053%	0.000%	0.028%	0.012%	0.000%	0.489%	0.148%	0.092%
   SAS	SAS	other	29 800	0	32 500	14 200	181	2	8	100%	0.846%	0.000%	2.478%	0.393%	1.198%	0.018%	0.169%	0.531%
   Scala	Scala	general-purpose	8 350	0	577	3 080	11	172	31	100%	0.237%	0.000%	0.044%	0.085%	0.073%	1.528%	0.656%	0.372%
   Scilab	Scilab	script	132	0	96	5	2	2	0	100%	0.004%	0.000%	0.007%	0.000%	0.013%	0.018%	0.000%	0.004%
   Scratch	Scratch	script	10 800	0	29 900	8 580	30	3	22	100%	0.307%	0.000%	2.279%	0.237%	0.199%	0.027%	0.466%	0.348%
   Scriptol	Scriptol	script	75	0	25	0	0	4	1	100%	0.002%	0.000%	0.002%	0.000%	0.000%	0.036%	0.021%	0.009%
   SIGNAL	SIGNAL	other	2 890	0	566	444	9	130	11	65%	0.053%	0.000%	0.028%	0.008%	0.039%	0.751%	0.151%	0.115%
   SISAL	SISAL	general-purpose	7	0	6	0	1	28	1	100%	0.000%	0.000%	0.000%	0.000%	0.007%	0.249%	0.021%	0.025%
   S-lang	S%2Dlang	script	147	0	124	3	0	0	9	100%	0.004%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.000%	0.000%	0.190%	0.050%
   Smalltalk	Smalltalk	general-purpose	967	0	494	753	27	49	55	100%	0.027%	0.000%	0.038%	0.021%	0.179%	0.435%	1.164%	0.355%
   SuperCollider	SuperCollider	general-purpose	265	0	92	8	0	12	4	100%	0.008%	0.000%	0.007%	0.000%	0.000%	0.107%	0.085%	0.032%
   Tcl/Tk	Tcl%2FTk	script	1 080	0	416	3 690	11	4	2	100%	0.031%	0.000%	0.032%	0.102%	0.073%	0.036%	0.042%	0.054%
   TeX / LaTeX	TeX	script	190	0	101	4	0	2	0	100%	0.005%	0.000%	0.008%	0.000%	0.000%	0.018%	0.000%	0.003%
   Transact-SQL	Transact%2DSQL	other	1 470	0	439	2 190	33	121	2	100%	0.042%	0.000%	0.033%	0.061%	0.218%	1.075%	0.042%	0.137%
   Vala	Vala	general-purpose	241	0	117	9	0	8	6	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.009%	0.000%	0.000%	0.071%	0.127%	0.040%
   VBScript	VBScript	script	892	0	1 010	1 400	187	18	2	100%	0.025%	0.000%	0.077%	0.039%	1.237%	0.160%	0.042%	0.137%
   Verilog	Verilog	other	1 030	0	510	413	7	114	0	100%	0.029%	0.000%	0.039%	0.011%	0.046%	1.013%	0.000%	0.093%
   VHDL	VHDL	other	3 770	0	12 500	1 980	21	28	3	100%	0.107%	0.000%	0.953%	0.055%	0.139%	0.249%	0.063%	0.118%
   X10	X10	general-purpose	262	0	162	2	2	58	9	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.012%	0.000%	0.013%	0.515%	0.190%	0.091%
   XSLT	XSLT	other	259	0	301	9	4	76	1	100%	0.007%	0.000%	0.023%	0.000%	0.026%	0.675%	0.021%	0.062%
   XQuery	XQuery	other	33	0	39	1	0	1	2	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.003%	0.000%	0.000%	0.009%	0.042%	0.012%
   YACC	YACC	other	43	0	52	0	0	247	1	100%	0.001%	0.000%	0.004%	0.000%	0.000%	2.195%	0.021%	0.175%

Documentation of the parameters, resources, credits can be found in the "search.xls" file, in the project's lang-index-*.zip archive.

Some links about the subject:

• http://www.langpop.com/
• http://www.blackducksoftware.com/oss/projects#languageos
• http://www.complang.tuwien.ac.at/anton/comp.lang-statistics/
• http://www.tiobe.com/index.php/content/paperinfo/tpci/index.html
• http://groups.google.ch/groups/dir?sel=usenet%3Dcomp.lang,&
• http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Computers/programming-languages-list.html
• http://99-bottles-of-beer.net/
• http://rosettacode.org/
• Wikipedia article

Contact

• For bug reports, issues, wishes, patches, please go to the "develop" section on the project page, here.
   
• For any demand about historical statistics (LPI monthly values) or specific analyses (trends, data mining,... ), please write an e-mail at the following address:
  
   
• Some news can be found on this blog.
   
• Sponsoring is welcome (even the equivalent of one beer)!      

*)
Some explanations about the choices of categories "general-purpose", "script", "other". The choices are subjective and cannot be perfect due to some overlap of categories' definitions.

• The union of all categories, "Any", covers all queried languages. If you don't like the attempt of categorization at all, stick with the "any" results column and just ignore the other ones!
• "General-purpose" covers general-purpose languages, usually compiled or compilable. Variables don't exist before or after the program's execution. After compilation and linking, a standalone executable is available.
• "Script" covers mostly interpreted languages (optionally compiled), often with dynamic typing. They are often interactive or have an interactive mode, where commands or scripts can be run in random order. Variables are set on-the-fly, may change type, may not be declared, may exist before the program's execution. Some may exist after the program's execution and can be reused for the next execution, with different values. Mostly programs need a specific environment to be run.
• "Other" covers specialized languages, also called Domain-Specific Languages (DSL's). They are bound to a specific purpose like education, a database system, an accounting system, an administration software, a sound or graphics system, a document display, or a hardware description. Their use outside their dedicated purpose may be theoretically possible but perhaps difficult and definitely not appropriate.

The Transparent Language Popularity Index. Ada programming.